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非直接代換
非直接代換是指不能進(jìn)行直接代換的IC稍加修改外圍電路,改變原引腳的排列或增減個(gè)別元件等,使之成為可代換的IC的方法。
代換原則:代換所用的IC可與原來的IC引腳功能不同、外形不同,但功能要相同,特性要相近;代換后不應(yīng)影響原機(jī)性能。
1.不同封裝IC的代換
相同類型的IC芯片,但封裝外形不同,代換時(shí)只要將新器件的引腳按原器件引腳的形狀和排列進(jìn)行整形。例如,AFT電路CA3064和CA3064E,前者為圓形封裝,輻射狀引腳;后者為雙列直插塑料封裝,兩者內(nèi)部特性完全一樣,按引腳功能進(jìn)行連接即可。雙列IC AN7114、AN7115與LA4100、LA4102封裝形式基本相同,引腳和散熱片正好都相差180°。前面提到的AN5620帶散熱片雙列直插16腳封裝、TEA5620雙列直插18腳封裝,9、10腳位于集成電路的右邊,相當(dāng)于AN5620的散熱片,二者其它腳排列一樣,將9、10腳連起來接地即可使用。
2.電路功能相同但個(gè)別引腳功能不同IC的代換
代換時(shí)可根據(jù)各個(gè)型號IC的具體參數(shù)及說明進(jìn)行。如電視機(jī)中的AGC、視頻信號輸出有正、負(fù)極性的區(qū)別,只要在輸出端加接倒相器后即可代換。
3.類型相同但引腳功能不同IC的代換
這種代換需要改變外圍電路及引腳排列,因而需要一定的理論知識、完整的資料和豐富的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)與技巧。
4。有些空腳不應(yīng)擅自接地
內(nèi)部等效電路和應(yīng)用電路中有的引出腳沒有標(biāo)明,遇到空的引出腳時(shí),不應(yīng)擅自接地,這些引出腳為更替或備用腳,有時(shí)也作為內(nèi)部連接。
5.用分立元件代換IC
有時(shí)可用分立元件代換IC中被損壞的部分,使其恢復(fù)功能。代換前應(yīng)了解該IC的內(nèi)部功能原理、每個(gè)引出腳的正常電壓、波形圖及與外圍元件組成電路的工作原理。同時(shí)還應(yīng)考慮:
⑴信號能否從IC中取出接至外圍電路的輸入端:
⑵經(jīng)外圍電路處理后的信號,能否連接到集成電路內(nèi)部的下一級去進(jìn)行再處理(連接時(shí)的信號匹配應(yīng)不影響其主要參數(shù)和性能)。如中放IC損壞,從典型應(yīng)用電路和內(nèi)部電路看,由伴音中放、鑒頻以及音頻放大級成,可用信號注入法找出損壞部分,若是音頻放大部分損壞,則可用分立元件代替。
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