FOXBORO D3008RR斬波是電力電子控制中的一項(xiàng)變流技術(shù)，其實(shí)質(zhì)是直流控制的脈寬調(diào)制，因其波形如同斬切般整齊、對稱，故名斬波。斬波在內(nèi)饋調(diào)速控制中占有極為重要的地位，它不僅關(guān)系到調(diào)速的技術(shù)性能，而且直接影響設(shè)備的運(yùn)行安全和可靠性，因此。如何選擇斬波電路和斬波器件十分重要。
IGBT是近代新發(fā)展起來的全控型功率半導(dǎo)體器件，它是由MOSFET（場效應(yīng)晶體管）與GTR（大功率達(dá)林頓晶體管）結(jié)合，并由前者擔(dān)任驅(qū)動(dòng)，因此具有：驅(qū)動(dòng)功率小，通態(tài)壓降低，開關(guān)速度快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，目前已廣泛應(yīng)用于變頻調(diào)速、開關(guān)電源等電力電子領(lǐng)域。
FOXBORO D3008RR就全控性能而言，IGBT是最適合斬波應(yīng)用的器件，而且技術(shù)極為簡單，幾乎IGBT器件本身就構(gòu)成了斬波電路。但是要把IGBT斬波形成產(chǎn)品，問題就沒有那么簡單，特別是大功率斬波，如果不面對現(xiàn)實(shí)，認(rèn)真研究、發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決存在的問題，必將事與愿違，斬波設(shè)備的可靠性將遭受嚴(yán)重的破壞。不知道是出于技術(shù)認(rèn)識問題還是商務(wù)目的，近來發(fā)現(xiàn)，某些企業(yè)對IGBT晶體管倍加推崇，而對晶閘管全面否定，顯然，這是不科學(xué)的。為了尊重科學(xué)和澄清事實(shí)，本文就晶閘管和以IGBT為代表的晶體管的性能、特點(diǎn)加以分析和對比，希望能夠并引起討論，還科學(xué)以本來面目。
一。 IGBT的標(biāo)稱電流與過流能力
1） IGBT的額定電流
FOXBORO D3008RR目前，IGBT的額定電流（元件標(biāo)稱的電流）是以器件的最大直流電流標(biāo)稱的，元件實(shí)際允許通過的電流受安全工作區(qū)的限制而減小，由圖1所示的IGBT安全工作區(qū)可見，影響通過電流的因素除了c-e電壓之外，還有工作頻率，頻率越低，導(dǎo)通時(shí)間越長，元件發(fā)熱越嚴(yán)重，導(dǎo)通電流越小。
圖1 IGBT的安全工作區(qū)
FOXBORO D3008RR顯然，為了安全，不可能讓元件工作在最大電流狀態(tài)，必須降低電流使用，因此，IGBT上述的電流標(biāo)稱，實(shí)際上降低了元件的電流定額，形成標(biāo)稱虛高，而能力不足。根據(jù)圖1 的特性，當(dāng)IGBT導(dǎo)通時(shí)間較長時(shí)（例如100us），UCE電壓將降低標(biāo)稱值的1/2左右；如果保持UCE不變，元件的最大集電極電流將降低額定值的2/3。因此，按照晶閘管的電流標(biāo)稱標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，IGBT的標(biāo)稱電流實(shí)際僅為同等晶閘管的1/3左右。例如，標(biāo)稱為300A的IGBT只相當(dāng)于100A的SCR（晶閘管）。又如，直流工作電流為500A的斬波電路，如果選擇晶閘管，當(dāng)按：
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