FOXBORO P0400VR該人士還透露，其參與編制的《“十二五”國(guó)家溫室氣體排放控制綜合方案》將在年內(nèi)出臺(tái)。有電力行業(yè)人士認(rèn)為，若強(qiáng)制報(bào)送碳排放數(shù)據(jù)舉措能夠順利推進(jìn)，并最終推廣到大部分企業(yè)，將有助于“算清總量，分配指標(biāo)”，從而為建立全國(guó)性碳金融市場(chǎng)鋪平道路。
中電投集團(tuán)電投(北京)碳資產(chǎn)管理技術(shù)有限公司總經(jīng)理李啟釗26日對(duì)記者表示，目前電力行業(yè)一直沿襲了電力部和國(guó)家電力公司的報(bào)送體系，定期向電監(jiān)會(huì)、發(fā)改委報(bào)送供電煤耗數(shù)據(jù)，可據(jù)此計(jì)算出碳排放數(shù)據(jù)。但李啟釗提醒，一旦“數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)送機(jī)制”拓展到市場(chǎng)分散、管理不規(guī)范、產(chǎn)能落后的中小企業(yè)，報(bào)送的積極性和可行性將面臨挑戰(zhàn)。
FOXBORO P0400VR知情人士透露，國(guó)家發(fā)改委正在擬定《溫室氣體排放清單編制指南》，預(yù)計(jì)年內(nèi)出臺(tái)。在目前缺乏企業(yè)強(qiáng)制性數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)送的機(jī)制下，湖南CDM(清潔發(fā)展機(jī)制)項(xiàng)目服務(wù)中心一位高層表示，其帶隊(duì)開(kāi)展的省內(nèi)企業(yè)碳盤查面臨巨大阻力，無(wú)法以企業(yè)等為單位，計(jì)算其直接或間接排放的溫室氣體“多數(shù)企業(yè)把碳盤查當(dāng)做未來(lái)政府施加減碳?jí)毫Φ那白啵恍﹪?guó)企更不愿意把可能影響其聲譽(yù)的核心數(shù)據(jù)外泄?！?br />
此前曾有中央媒體援引國(guó)家發(fā)改委人士稱，國(guó)家發(fā)改委考慮在一些特定的行業(yè)和地區(qū)開(kāi)展小范圍的國(guó)內(nèi)碳交易試點(diǎn)，電力、化工和石油等行業(yè)入選可能性大，而這些行業(yè)的龍頭企業(yè)多為大型央企。另?yè)?jù)知情人士透露，大唐、華能、國(guó)電、華電、中電投等五大發(fā)電企業(yè)相關(guān)人士，近期也紛紛前往國(guó)家發(fā)改委相關(guān)部門，協(xié)商2012年后的國(guó)際碳交易替代方案。
國(guó)家電網(wǎng)對(duì)外連絡(luò)部新聞處副處長(zhǎng)劉心放透露，目前確有跡象表明電力行業(yè)被作為碳交易試點(diǎn)。國(guó)家電網(wǎng)能源研究院副院長(zhǎng)蔣莉萍解釋稱，電力行業(yè)先試先行，首先因?yàn)殡娏π袠I(yè)是主要的二氧化碳排放源；其次因?yàn)槠溆?jì)量體系足夠完善，相對(duì)容易解決碳交易中的核證、計(jì)量問(wèn)題。
FOXBORO P0400VR知情人士透露“后《京都議定書(shū)》時(shí)代”國(guó)際碳交易方案的初步框架是，在中央層面由國(guó)家發(fā)改委進(jìn)行監(jiān)管；在行業(yè)層面由中電聯(lián)、電監(jiān)會(huì)進(jìn)行監(jiān)管，并負(fù)責(zé)減排指標(biāo)分配；此外還將設(shè)置獨(dú)立的第三方機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)現(xiàn)MRV(即可測(cè)量、可報(bào)告、可核實(shí))，進(jìn)行碳交易審核，并確認(rèn)貿(mào)易額。國(guó)家發(fā)改委能源研究所能源系統(tǒng)和市場(chǎng)分析中心主任姜克雋透露，為了提高行業(yè)企業(yè)的試點(diǎn)積極性，亟須銀行按照預(yù)期產(chǎn)生的貿(mào)易額，對(duì)試點(diǎn)企業(yè)進(jìn)行提前支付(即“碳貸款”)。
而在25日的“中國(guó)碳交易2011”峰會(huì)上，姜克雋表示，在碳減排方面，目前與發(fā)電巨頭處在一對(duì)一溝通階段，其中，中電投“十二五”規(guī)劃“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)走在國(guó)家規(guī)劃前面，但有些發(fā)電企業(yè)態(tài)度保守”。姜克雋稱“十二五”期間，在全國(guó)目標(biāo)的前提下，碳排放水平較低的電企目標(biāo)降幅可適當(dāng)調(diào)低。他預(yù)計(jì)，截至“十三五”末即2020年，行業(yè)碳減排仍可能沿用“強(qiáng)度目標(biāo)(單位GDP二氧化碳排放強(qiáng)度)”，但“十五五”末即2030年“肯定要確立總量控制目標(biāo)”。
姜克雋透露，上述試點(diǎn)將采取“強(qiáng)度目標(biāo)”而非“總量目標(biāo)”，既可以是燃煤機(jī)組單位二氧化碳排放目標(biāo)，也可以是全國(guó)發(fā)電每千瓦時(shí)二氧化碳排放目標(biāo)。姜克雋預(yù)計(jì)，到2020年煤電企業(yè)供電煤耗率要降低到320gce/kWh，每千瓦時(shí)二氧化碳排放量降低到856g；全部發(fā)電企業(yè)每千瓦時(shí)平均二氧化碳排放量降低到561g，五大電力企業(yè)供電煤耗率降低到305gce/kWh。
劉心放分析道，目前五大電企擁有的超超臨界機(jī)組，發(fā)電效率極高，供電煤耗率能低到286gce/kWh；一般較好機(jī)組也能達(dá)到303gce/kWh，因此只要“上大壓小”，實(shí)現(xiàn)2020年的碳減排目標(biāo)“不成問(wèn)題”。劉心放稱，這一嚴(yán)厲目標(biāo)也會(huì)加速落后產(chǎn)能的“關(guān)停并換”，但對(duì)五大發(fā)電企業(yè)的先進(jìn)產(chǎn)能形成利好。
FOXBORO P0400VR值得注意的是，此次赴國(guó)家發(fā)改委協(xié)商的，還有輸電企業(yè)國(guó)家電網(wǎng)。蔣莉萍透露，國(guó)網(wǎng)主要通過(guò)節(jié)能調(diào)度，即“優(yōu)化輸電網(wǎng)絡(luò)，降低電能損耗”來(lái)間接減少碳排放。但一位國(guó)網(wǎng)人士透露，鑒于電網(wǎng)企業(yè)不承認(rèn)自身存在直接的碳排放，因此未來(lái)厘定的電力行業(yè)碳資產(chǎn)，作出減碳貢獻(xiàn)的電網(wǎng)企業(yè)很難分一杯羹?！熬拖衽l(fā)番茄到農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)，司機(jī)賺的是運(yùn)輸費(fèi)，批發(fā)商賺的是賣番茄的錢；但司機(jī)既然不直接賣番茄，就不能去搶批發(fā)商賣番茄的錢。”該人士稱。
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