通常交流電動(dòng)機(jī)制動(dòng)時(shí)的機(jī)械特性曲線。設(shè)A點(diǎn)為正常工作點(diǎn)。電動(dòng)機(jī)同步旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)速為：
為電機(jī)同步轉(zhuǎn)速，為電源頻率，為電動(dòng)機(jī)磁極對(duì)數(shù)。
在通常電動(dòng)機(jī)的制動(dòng)進(jìn)程中，電動(dòng)機(jī)先減速，電動(dòng)機(jī)同步旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)速低于轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速，工作點(diǎn)在同一轉(zhuǎn)速下由曲線①的A點(diǎn)跳至曲線②的B點(diǎn)，即從榜首象限過渡到第二象限稱之為同一轉(zhuǎn)速下特性的跳轉(zhuǎn)，則電機(jī)得到反方向的制動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩T進(jìn)入發(fā)電制動(dòng)情況，拖動(dòng)系統(tǒng)沿圖1中曲線②活絡(luò)降速，當(dāng)?shù)陀谀骋晦D(zhuǎn)速后，向定子繞組輸入直流，構(gòu)成固定磁場(chǎng)，發(fā)作制動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩。在這一進(jìn)程中，電機(jī)將通過再生發(fā)電制動(dòng)和能耗制動(dòng)而畢竟間斷。
從理論上分析，假設(shè)可以控制電動(dòng)機(jī)同步磁場(chǎng)的轉(zhuǎn)速緩慢降低，使電動(dòng)機(jī)在同一轉(zhuǎn)速下特性跳轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，特性曲線維持在榜首象限，如圖1中虛線組③所示緩慢降速，不跳轉(zhuǎn)至第二象限則拖動(dòng)系統(tǒng)在降速進(jìn)程中可以有用的避免發(fā)作再生制動(dòng)進(jìn)程。如圖1所示，當(dāng)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速在小于臨界轉(zhuǎn)速nh的情況下接入直流進(jìn)行制動(dòng)，并相應(yīng)控制接入直流的大小和時(shí)間，理論上分析電機(jī)只閱歷有限的能耗制動(dòng)期間，不會(huì)過熱。而變頻器出色的內(nèi)、外特性可以保證上述各項(xiàng)條件的滿足。
但是，選用該方法有一些必要的條件條件，首要，系統(tǒng)不能一再進(jìn)行啟／停，否則會(huì)構(gòu)成變頻器直流電路缺點(diǎn)。其次，提升機(jī)、電梯等下放重物的工況不適合選用。再次，系統(tǒng)降速時(shí)間不能過短，即降速不能過快，否則工作點(diǎn)將進(jìn)入第二象限發(fā)作再生制動(dòng)進(jìn)程，致使電機(jī)過熱。
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