在許多應(yīng)用中，數(shù)據(jù)鏈路6AV63812BP074AV0之間需要(甚至是必要的)非直接的(導(dǎo)電)連接，從而在
提供數(shù)據(jù)的同時避免來自系統(tǒng)某-部分的危險電壓 (或電流)對其另一部分造成破壞，造成
這種破壞性失效的可能是電源質(zhì)量低劣、接地故障、雷擊和浪涌等各種故障。此外，通信節(jié)
點(diǎn)的間距可能相當(dāng)大，常常由不同接地區(qū)域的AC插座來給這些節(jié)點(diǎn)供電，這些接地區(qū)域之
間的電位差(可能含有DC偏壓、50HZ 的AC諧波和各種瞬態(tài)噪聲分量)也會造成破壞。
在實(shí)際工程使用中，經(jīng)常發(fā)生通過電纜邏輯接地或屏蔽將這些地線連接在一-起的情況, 可能
形成接地環(huán)路，且電流將流入該電纜。接地環(huán)路電流會對通信產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響(包括數(shù)據(jù)惡化、
EMI過大、元件損壞)，當(dāng)電位差足夠大時，人體就有遭受電擊的可能。
一般在兩種情況”下會采用隔離技術(shù):第一種情況是: 在有可能存在損壞設(shè)備或危害人員的潛
在電流浪涌時。如醫(yī)療上的應(yīng)用、電機(jī)控制、總線隔離等方面。第二種情況是:必須避免存
在不同地位和分裂的接地回路的互連。兩種情況都是采用隔離來避免電流流過，而允許兩點(diǎn)
之間有數(shù)據(jù)或功率傳送。
電路隔離的主要目的是通過隔離元器件把噪聲干擾的路徑切斷,從而達(dá) 到抑制噪聲干擾的
效果,使電子電氣設(shè)備符合電磁兼容性的要求。數(shù)據(jù)鏈路西門子6AV63812BP074AV0電路隔離主要有:模擬電路的隔離、數(shù)字電
路的隔離、數(shù)字電路 與模擬電路之間的隔離。所使用的隔離方法有:變壓器隔離法、脈沖
變壓器隔離法、繼電器隔離法、光電耦合 器隔離法、直流電壓隔離法、 線性隔離放大器
隔離法、光纖隔離法、 A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器隔離法等。
說直觀一點(diǎn)就是如果產(chǎn)品的使用環(huán)境比較復(fù)雜(比如工業(yè)環(huán)境)，或沙及到多個不同電源供
電系統(tǒng)之前的相互通訊(比如RS232. RS485. CAN等各種通訊接口)都需要(甚至是必.
須)隔離。
電子電路中的隔離會涉及到三個方面的隔離:
第一是電源的隔離，一般會選擇DC-DC隔離電源模塊。
第二是信號、數(shù)據(jù)的隔離，這- -點(diǎn)我們會在以后的文章中介紹。
第三是地的隔離，隔離前側(cè)的地(GND)與后側(cè)的地(GNDISO) 是不可以連接在- -起的，
但有些不得不連接在一-起的場合，我們可以選用磁珠或0歐電阻放在兩個地之間。
關(guān)于電子電路中的隔離基本概念先寫到這里，下篇我們要介紹電子電路中模擬電路的隔離。
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